NATIONAL ALLIANCE OF WOMEN’S ORGANISATION (NAWO)
VENUE
WOMEN’S RESOURCE CENTRE, BASUNDHARA,
GOTIROUTPATANA, CUTTACK
DATES- 20th JULY – 24th JULY
1. ANM WORKERS
2. ANGANWADI WORKERS
3. ASHA WORKERS,
4. ICDS WORKERS &
5. HEATH WORKERS FROM DIFFERENT VOLUNTARY AGENCIES
NAMES OF THE TRAINERS
1. Mrs. Anusaya Rout- NAWO, Bhubaneswar
2. Ms. Sanjukta Tripathy- PIPAR, Dhenkanal
3. Ms. Basanti Behera- Project Swarajya, Cuttack
GUESTS AT THE INAUGURAL SESSION
1. Dr. Nayan Kishore Mohanty, Superintendent, S.C.B Medical College and Hospital, Cuttack
2. Dr. Jogamaya Pattnaik, Gynecologist
3. Mrs. Dolli Dash, Secretary, Project Swarajya
BACKGROUND :
Having a special concern for women’s health, Project Swarajya started its activity around it since 2002, particularly following a survey conducted in Jajpur district for implementing the RCH programme. Then were organised a series of training programmes and workshops etc in collaboration with CDMU Orissa in various parts of the State through the organisation’s Gender Cell from the year 2004 onwards. In the meantime Project Swarajya had proposed before NAWO for providing different kinds of support to conduct the programmes on improvement of women’s health. Following the approval by NAWO of the said proposal, Project Swarajya went ahead for implementing it. And accordingly a 5-day Training Programme was held at Women’s Resource Centre of Basundhara located at Gatiroutpatana, Cuttack.
At the inception, Mrs. Dolli Dash, Secretary, Project Swarajya introduced the guests with all the participants along with a brief introduction about the activities of her organisation and the aim and objectives of the training programme. In course of her deliberation, she pointed out the poor and degraded status of the health care existing presently for the village women in Orissa. The ground reality is such that the women in rural areas though suffering from different kinds of health problem are culturally constrained in sharing them with others. Further she informed that only 20% of people do somehow avail the health care system running under the control of the Government. The remaining bulk of the population is forced to depend on the facilities available in the open market for their health related needs. But such people being poor and marginalized can’t afford the high and ever-increasing costs involved in buying the health related services from the open market. Under such complex circumstances, the most of the rural women are living in a grossly poor state of health and hygiene throughout the State.
Saying the women’s health is special she told that the main objective of this training was therefore to impart some enabling inputs to the participants whereby a woman can serve as a doctor for herself and others in the absence of a qualified doctor around. Just as a worker of Anganwadi or an ANM Worker or a worker of ICDS or an Asha Worker or a health worker of an NGO provides the heath care services to the rural women living within their respective jurisdictions, the participants of this training shall be equipped to identify the heath problems of women and also to counsel and facilitate them for accessing the existing health care system of the govt. as and when necessary. With these words she concluded her talk and requested the guests on the dais to inaugurate the programme.
The event was inaugurated together by Dr. Nayan Kishore Mohanty, Dr. Jogamaya Pattanaik by way of lighting of the ceremonial lamp.
Dr. Nayan Kishore Mohanty- Superintendent, S.C.B Medical College & Hospital, Cuttack:
He first expressed his gratitude towards both collaborating organizations for organizing this health-centred training programme. In an encouraging manner he told the participants that the society was expecting more and more from them in terms of providing better health services to the poor women. The village women are denied of the health care due to various reasons. We have to make them aware through Women Health-centered Education. Women are mostly affected by aenemia and various ailments related to their menstrual cycle. They know hardly anything about their Reproductive System and diseases related to it. They also need awareness on the health care during the pre-natal pregnancy. Both pre and post natal care have to be taken by the concerned women themselves, since there would be no medical facility available in the vicinity and that too at an affordable cost. He added that if they would not get proper health care at the time of delivery and in the aftermath, it might lead to several problems in the future. Though the govt. provides various health related schemes for the women, the latter however don’t avail it for different reasons. This training is expected to help the participants to understand the women’s health related problems and entitle them to a basic stock of knowledge on sound health for use in future.
Then Mrs. Dolli Dash in her talk observed that every woman in the village while passing through pregnancy needs medical check-up. In most of the families women are mostly neglected in comparison to men in respect of health matters. Maybe it is their fanciful perception that the disease will automatically be removed from the body in due course, which is responsible for neglect shown to their health. However, if a male suffers from this or that problem, he is sent to the hospital soon. Moreover, the women always need cheap and homely medicine. This training programme will also enable the participants with the necessary skill to recommend the indigenous medicines available within one’s own surroundings for use by the ailing women. Thus the participants shall gain a very valuable knowledge, which shall prove fruitful for them in course of their work among the rural women.
Dr. Jogamaya Pattanaik, a renowned Gynecologist shared some of her important ideas on the subject with the participants. According to her opinion, before going to work in any area, people’s economic condition, social situation and their physical condition must be taken into account. What types of facilities are available there should be kept in mind. As the economic life and religious tradition of the people are different in one place from another, so the care giver while counseling them should bear in mind the consideration for all these factors. In some places various superstitions and prejudices are the guiding norms of the concerned community. This factor affects the women’s health to a great extent.
Then Dr. Pattanaik suggested numbers of advices for the expecting mothers:
· They should have at least the basic knowledge about the diseases caused by simple infections.
· The mother must be aware about the need for breast-feeding.
· Awareness about the preventive measures meant for the pregnant women.
· Intake of iron and calcium is highly essential for them.
· Sufficient food and exercise are necessary.
· The mother should take a glass of water or milk before breast-feeding the child.
· Sufficient water, but no salt should be the norm.
· Take soft food at night.
· Intoxication to be prohibited.
· Skin care highly essential during pre-natal stage.
· Frequent pregnancy must be avoided.
· Working women must take the facility of leave from the job.
INTRODUCTION SESSION
Following the inaugural session, the trainers introduced themselves. The trainer Mr. Anusuya Rout briefed the aims and objectives of the programme along with a short note on NAWO. NAWO is specially working on four women related issues and women’s health is one of them. She further informed about a Core Team formed to organize such training programmes on regional basis and the Surakshya Dal is committed to conduct it covering 30 districts of Orissa. The present training is meant for only four districts Jajpur, Jagatsinghpur, Kendrapara and Cuttack. The trainees included the Anganwadi Workers, A.N.M Workers, Asha Workers, ICDS Workers and health workers from different NGOs. Besides Ms. Sanjukta Tripathy and Ms. Basanti Behera also supplemented Ms. Rout in outlining the objectives of the training programme. As noted by them, the objectives of the five-day residential training programme were as follows:
· To make aware the women about the different health related problems they are suffering from,
· As these trainees are working at the village level, they need to educate the rural women on how they can take care of their own health,
· Not only problems related to the reproductive system but also other problems need to be discussed,
· Women denied of health care system under the govt. can help themselves through this training,
· How to break the shyness of the women in sharing their health problems with others,
With the above objectives kept in view, the training programme proceeded.
The agenda to be covered on the first day was as follows:
· Registration
· Welcome and Self-Introduction
· Expectation and Fears vis-a-vis the proposed Training
· Aims and objectives of the training expected by the trainees.
Then the self-introduction was made through a play-way method. That is called as Chain Name Method. This started from a definite participant. The starter has to tell her name and the next participant shall tell her own name along with the name of the previous participant. Then the third participant shall tell her name along with two previous names. And so on and so forth. As a result, the last participant shall be able to mention the names of all the participants besides her own. This way all the participants could remember names of each other.
Then the timetable of the training programme was fixed up by the participants themselves.
· Breakfast- 8.30 a.m
· Training to start start- 9.00 a.m
· Lunch- 1.30- 2.30 p.m
· Evening session- 5.30-7.30 p.m
· Dinner – 9.00 p.m
Norms for the Participants
· To observe discipline in the training programme.
· Keeping one’s luggage in own custody.
· Punctuality.
· Maintenance of sanitation and hygiene.
· Allow to each other to participate equally.
· To show respect to each other’s thought.
· To disseminate the information after the training.
Then a chorus written by Surakshya Dal was sung by all the participants. The song was Nua sakal aji asichhi, nua suruja aji hasuchhi………
Papers were distributed among the participant to write about their EXPECTIONS AND FEARS about the training.
From the notes handed back by the participants, the following expectations and fears were expressed by them.
EXPECTATION
· To know more about women’s health
· To know about the different problems related to women
· To know the method how to apply the knowledge acquired from training back at the village level.
· To know about the health system of adolescents
· To acquire knowledge about the body function, menstruation and pregnancy.
· To know about the problems related to female reproductive system.
· Problem in understanding the language.
· How to maintain sanitation and hygiene of the residential place.
· Taking part in the open-house discussion
· Lack of self-confidence in expressing one’s thought.
· How far one can follow the discussions to be made
Then the discussion started with a story. The story was like this:
One day a sage comes to your village. He says that he intends to bless the childless couples so that each couple would have a child. But the sage puts a condition, and the condition is that every couple would beg for only one child, and the respective couple would have to write what they wanted, a boy or a girl, and mention the reasons for their choice.
Participants were given papers to write their own thought. However out of the total, only two participants chose for a boy and the rest for girl. The reasons for the choices so made were as follows:
|
GIRL -Girl helps her mother in domestic work -Girls are more obedient than boys -Girl takes proper care of everybody -Girls are more loving and emotional -Girl manages the house very well -Girl are the birth-givers of the society - Girls are very dutiful - Girls always take the right decision -Girl celebrates all the festivals |
BOY - Inheritance of property -By marriage bringing a daughter-in- law to the house -Support the parents in old age -Can give birth to a girl -Observe the death anniversary of forefathers -Increasing the membership of the household |
SOCIOGRAM OF THE PARTICIPANTS
After that another game was played by all the participants. The rules of the game were that when Sanjukta apa will call, the representatives will come to the middle.
The questions are-
How many participants have passed graduation?
Ans:- 14
How many participants have land of their own?
Ans:- 5
How many participants have bank account in their name?
Ans:-17
How many participants have got married?
Ans:- 13
How many participants manage the home?
Ans:- 8
By and large, this game gave an idea about the Social Demography of the participants in a nutshell.
Then the discussion was carried forward centering round the gender discrimination found in the society. For instance, though women are working in the farm, only men are called farmers. The society completely ignores the labour that the women perform at home and outside in the capacity of members of a family. In terms of education and job, the girls are not getting as much facilities as the boys do.
WHAT IS GENDER?
If we go back to the primitive times, we find that there was no discrimination between men and women. But gradually the society created difference between them. What a man should do and what a woman should do was fixed up by the society itself. There is no basic difference as such between man and woman except the reproductive capacity of woman. However the society has built up the difference between them by assigning distinct role and responsibility to man and woman separately. Thus the difference between man and woman in terms of role, behaviour, duty, responsibility, life style and sexuality can be called as gender.
There are some differences between gender and sex
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SEX -Biological -It is natural or god gifted -Sex organ and reproductive system of man and woman are only different as made by god -Women have menstruation -In their youth men have only mustard and bread - It is not changeable |
GENDER -Social - Society has created it. - It is changeable depending on situations - Gender is forcefully imposed and it is one type of violence -Role, duties and manners are different for both boys and girls. -Motivated by gender discrimination, the resources are controlled by the men. |
After that all the participants were divided into three groups and each group was given to write the task related to the studied subjects.
Group-1 Flower as Symbol- song
Group-2 Star as Symbol- Bulletin
Group-3 Butterflies as Symbol – Headlines
SECOND DAY TRAINING- DATE- 21.07.2006
AGENDA OF THE SECOND DAY
· Welcome Song
· Review of the home task by different groups
· What is Patriarchy? What is its effect on women’s health?
· Violence on women
· Impact of Globalization on the Women’s Health System
· Politics of Health
With a welcome song by the trainers from the Surakshya Team as “ Ladiki hun Ladiki Me tara Banungi”
Then Group –3 came forward with their headlines of the previous subject. The left out points were suggested by the participants also by the trainer.
Group –2 came with their Song. The song is titled as [ Where is the song?]
Then group 2 had presented their Bulletin. The name of the Bulletin was HELP LINE OF WOMEN HEALTH RESOURCE CENTRE. It came with the following heads as:
· Introduction
· Subject Matter-NARIRA SWASTHYA O’ SACHETANATA
· A little song was also in the Bulletin
· A small story about hygiene and cleanliness
Then proceeding further to a new chapter, the trainer gave a detail analysis of the caste and class system. She told that four castes were made by the ancient Vedas. This system was also made by the society. It creates difference among the people in terms of political, social and economic power. To illustrate the point, she presented three different pots, each containing some fish in it.
The big pot is on the top and contains a small number of fish. The number of fish in the middle pot is more than the fish in the top one. The middle pot has two ways to go upwards to the top one. The last pot is filled with largest number of fish compared to the upper two and has three ways to go upward. Here fish are compared with human beings. Just like the arrangement of fishes, the people in society are also living like this. This picture represents our social system in miniature. The powerful people are small in number but live in unity among them. They exploit the resources of the poor people. The fish in the middle pot are not organized. Some want to go up but cann’t. The fish in last pot are totally unorganized. There is always competition among them to go to the next pot. This is the reflection of the three categories of people living in our society. If the total population is 100, then about 5% people are using 80% resources. Then the middle class is 10% and they are using only 10%of the resources. The last one is the worst one. Their population is 80% but use only 5% of the resources. This inequality in distribution of resource is the main cause of poverty and exploitation.
SYSTEM OF PATRIARCHY
In our society though woman is doing quite many works in comparison to men her labour is ignored and under-estimated. However man takes the credit for all the activities. Even if women manage the home, man is counted as the head of the family. The absolute power is vested with the father. After all patriarchy is a system where man possesses the absolute authority and all the powers are exercised by him. This system has been dominating over the women since time immemorial. Man has made the rules and regulations, traditions and customs to his benefit, and thereby rules over the women. In a system of patriarchy man controls the labour, property, mobility, lifestyle, reproductive system and even the mind of the woman. In a system of patriarchy discrimination, exploitation and torture are endemic. The trainer explained the concept by presenting a diagram of a tree of patriarchy.
The participants were divided into three groups. Each group was given the task of writing about the rules, regulations and habits, that are prevalent in our society, the institutions that reinforce these habits and thirdly, the belief system upon which the patriarchy is based.
GROUP- 1 on Habits
Group-1 presented the following habits, which the people are practicing in their daily life as a result of the patriarchy-
Group-2 on ORGANISATION-
GROUP-3 on BELIEVES
These are the factors that maintain the structure of patriarchy in our society. For the sake of women’s destiny, we need to change it by revolution.
In the nest session, Sanjukta Apa taught a Yoga to the participants. She informed that this Yoga would help us in our digestion process. She further told her perceptions about the gender issues.
WHAT IS VIOLENCE: -
Violence means in general jealousness of one about another. It means doing any action against the will of anybody, which has impact upon the social, mental and physical condition of any person. Giving physical and mental torture, sexual harassment, depriving one of his/her rights can also be termed as violence.
Thus, there are various causes of violence
Violence can be said as a game of power. The mightiest can adopt any method of violence to exploit the weak. It occurs in every field including the family, house of relatives, society, street, public place, work place etc. Man has adopted this method in order to control the women under his custody. This is in practice since very long and creates fear and horror in the mind of the woman. Thus the women become pressurized and tortured by men forever.
Violence happens to women at every stage in their life. The lifestyle of man bears one type of violence too.
Women facing different kinds of violence in different periods of life: -
GLOBALISATION
Globalization is a process engulfing both rich and poor countries, in which rich countries exploit the mental, physical, economical and cultural resources of the poor countries in the guise of assisting their development. The rich country the markets the raw materials and other goods of the poor country, and this process exerts a hard impact both indirectly and directly upon the lifestyle of the people.
Due to globalization the status of the woman is deteriorating and it affects their day-to-day life more severely.
Social Effect-
Economic Effect-
· Increases tax on each commodity
· Accelerated Division of labour
· Inequality in wages
Health Impact-
· Privatization of medical service and its escalating costs.
· Indiscriminate use of the medicines leads to medication of the body.
Then the trainer dealt with POLITICS OF HEALTH.
The health care system working from village level upto the state was explained by the trainer. The system working at the village level is called Village Health Guide. But complaints are made by the workers that medicines are not available in that center.
Sub-Center- It works for the population of 5000 to 10,000. In the sub-center there are health workers male or female, Asha volunteer and Anganwadi worker. It is located at least 10 km from the P.H.C.
Primary Health Center- Its scope is for a population of 20,000 to 30,000. It covers 10 to 12 sub-centers. There are one doctor, one pharmacist and six health workers working in it. Basically these centers provide service for pregnancy and after-pregnancy period, immunization and medicines for normal diseases.
Community Health Center- It works for a population of more than 80,000. Five PHCs are supposed to work under it. There are three doctors and more facilities available for the people.
Then there are the District Hospitals and State Hospitals. These health systems are monitored and working under the Health and Family Welfare Department of the State.
At this stage, a suggestion came from the participants that in each health care institution there must be a lady doctor. The working hours of the doctors must be increased. Medicine should be supplied sufficiently. More numbers of PHCs and CHCs are highly required to meet the health problems.
These are the statistics on certain health related indicators:
· Mother Mortality Rate – 376/1000
· Infant mortality Rate - 74/1000
· Sex Ratio - 936 F/1000M
· Total Reproductive Rate- 2.5%
· Malnutrition- 54%
· Disease due to Infections- 20%
· Violence- 29%
· Reproductive Problems- 28%
· Anemia- 85%
The home task was given to all the groups to make the drawing of a human body.
THIRD DAY --- Date- 22nd July-2006
THE AGENDA OF THE THIRD DAY
Welcoming all the participants, the trainer sang a song written by the Surakshya team. The song described the different problems and common diseases.
Then the Group-1 came ahead to highlight the main points covered during the previous days.
Group-II had presented a very beautiful song.
Group-III had presented a note on a magazine titled “AMARI SWASTHYA AMARI SURAKSHYA KABACHA”
Then the drawing made of the human body was displayed by each group.
The organs of the body were read out, and the left-out organs were added by the participants.
The trainer observed that two groups had drawn the picture of a man and one group that of a woman. One remarkable thing that needs to be highlighted is that the sex organs and reproductive system of both man and woman were drawn by the groups.
Then the trainers wanted to know:
HOW ARE WE VISUALIZING OUR BODY?
Except vagina and breast all parts of the body of a woman were displayed in all pictures. The trainer questioned the concerned group, why they have not drawn other parts of the women? Are not these left-out organs useful for them? The other two groups were questioned as to why they preferred man’s body to woman’s body? None of the three pictures had any identification of the other organs like skin, blood, flesh and bone etc.
Then the trainers gave a detail note on different organs along with the role and functions of each. They showed the different parts through a picture. The human body is the combination of all the organs. Human being is at first born out of a cell. In the process of sexual intercourse of a man with a woman the sperm gets into the ovary. As a result, the zygote is formed from out of a cell. Then that one cell divides into two and two into four and four into eight. Finally it turns into an embryo of the child.
In the body of a human being, skin is the largest part. The outer part of the skin is 2 square mts. Through skins we feel the touch of anybody. It controls the temperature of the body. Skin is of two types. The outer part is called Epidermis and the inner part is called Dermis.
THE HORMONAL SYSTEM
There are many hormones that regulate our day-to-day activities. Out of them, 9 hormones were mentioned and explained.
HYPOTHALAMUS- It gives instruction to the whole system to secrete hormones. It is situated in the pituitary gland of the brain.
THYROXIN- It is secreted from the thyroid glands. It helps in the growth of the body and bones.
ADRENAL-It is situated above the kidneys. It conserves the glucose, blood and minerals in the body. It controls the discharge of the urine from the body.
MELANOCYTES- It produces the melanin pigment in the body, which gives colour to our body.
PROLACTIN HORMONE- It grows the milk in breast.
There are six systems working in our body
MUSCULAR SYSTEM- In a human body there are more than 650 types of muscles and that constitute the weight of half of its body. The muscles are made from Muscle Fibre. For the suppression and compression of the body the required energy is derived from oxygen and glucose. These muscles are connected with bone by tendon. The muscle, which is connected with the backbone, is the strongest one.
SKELETAL SYSTEM- Skeletal formation is the main part of a human body. In a body there are 206 pieces of bone of different kinds and types. The shape of bones is small, long and rounded. It increases the weight of the body. Long bones give shape to our body. Small bones work like bridge. In the bones there are calcium, phosphorous and magnesium. In the bone marrow we find red blood capsules. In a human body two types of nervous system are present such as Central Nervous System or Voluntary Nerves and the second one is Peripheral nervous system or Involuntary nervous system.
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM- For the blood circulation in the body, the heart is working. The way through which blood circulates and reaches to each cell is called Blood Vessels. The heart is divided in two types. The upper part is said to be ALINDA and the lower part as NILAYA. The heart purifies the deoxygenated blood and on purification sends the oxygenated blood to the body through Arteries. The deoxygenated blood comes to the heart through veins. In a body there are two types of Blood, Red Blood Corpuscles and White Blood Corpuscles. The heartbeat of a normal man for one minute is from 60-80 times.
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM- Nose, Trachea, Bronchus and Lungs are the main parts of the respiratory system. We need oxygen for doing all the works. In our breath we take oxygen and release carbon dioxide. A normal man has 16-18 times of breath in a minute.
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM-The digestive system consists of stomach and lever. The food pipe is 9 meters long. The helping organs of the digestive systems are Salivary glands, Pancreas, Lever and Gall bladder and their ducts. Lever is the largest among all.
URINARY STSTEM- This system includes two kidneys, urethras and bladders. The kidneys clean out all the garbage. It controls the water and minerals of our body. In the kidney in a day 180 liters of blood are filtered. The liver works through four processes, that is, Filtrations, Re-absorption, Secretion and Excretion.
Then the trainer showed the different parts of a human body, each made separately out of a piece of cloth. The trainees were asked to explain the role and function of each. Every group did it accordingly. Then each participant came to the front and analysed the anatomy of her body before all.
Three representatives had come from NAWO to visit the training programme, they were Ms Lalita Missal , Ms Bisakha Bhanja and Ms Srabani Das. Laita said that first of all we have to identify the social, physical and mental problems, before prescribing any appropriate step for solving the same. We must be aware about the different problems the women may be facing and how to provide them with better health care in a marginal way.
Bishakha Bhanja told about the real objectives of this training programme. As these trainees are working in interior areas, proper knowledge on health related matters is very much essential for them.
After launch Mr Shrabani Das taught the participants about the reproductive system of man and woman.
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
The reproductive role of female is far more complex than that of a male. The female produces the egg cells (ova); the fertilization takes place inside the female’s body; the fetus develops inside the mother’s womb; and the mother has to nourish the baby after the birth. Another difference between the sexes is the monthly rhythm of the female reproductive system
The female reproductive system consists of a variety of structures, each with specialized functions.
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
The reproductive role of male is to produce sperms and deliver them to the vagina of the female. This function requires different types of structures.
THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Although the ovaries of a young girl contain the ova they do not start to be released until she reaches an age of about 10-14 years. At the time of the first ovulation, the ovary also releases female sex hormones into the blood streams. The hormones are called oestrogens and when they circulate round the body, they bring about the development of secondary sexual character. In the girl these are increased growth of breast, a widening of the hips and the growth of hair in the pubic region and in the armpits. There is also increase in the size of uterus and vagina. Once all the changes are complete, the girl is capable of having a baby. In a female every month the bleeding occurs for 4 to 5 days. After the bleeding a proliferate phase starts with growth and proliferation tissues on the walls of the uterus, fallopian tubes and vagina. In this phase the broken membrane of the uterus undergoes some repairs, and epithelia lining is formed on the mucous membrane. Meanwhile the ovarian follicle starts growing and maturing into a mature graafian follicle. As the ovum gradually matures, estrogen is secreted reaching to the secondary sex organs, the uterine and the fallopian tube. The uterine mucous or the endometrium thickens, the uterine gland elongates, the contraction of muscles is considerably increased to enhance the uterine movements, the fallopian tube epithelium gets thickened `and the movement of cilia on its mouth is increased. The uterine changes are for the preparation of pregnancy.
FERTILITY AWARENESS
What do you mean by Fertility Awareness?
Fertility Awareness means creating a friendly relationship with our own body and getting knowledge relating to the reproductive system in our body. The different reproductive parts of a girl are born with her from the birth. But it gets maturity with the growth of the body such as
· Development of breast.
· Widening of the hips.
· Change in voice.
· Pubic hair develops in the internal parts of the body.
· Growth in mental Excitement.
· Increasing fickleness of mind.
Purpose of Fertility Awareness
· To know the literacy of the body.
· To know the changing structures of the body
· Helps to know about the cyclic pattern of menstruation.
· To know ovulation period
· Keeps good relationship with the body.
· Keeping the power of control with your own body.
Generally the ova are there in her body. But it fertilizes when the girl gets puberty/menarche. When the layer of estrogen and progesterone come down, then menstruation happens. The cycle of everybody differs from that of the other. It may happen in 28days, 30 days or 32 days. Also there are irregularities in menstruation.
The Menstruation period is divided in two parts i,e Pre-ovulation and Post-Ovulation Period. After layer of estrogen and progesterone come down, instruction comes from the mind to create the same hormone. With that Ova becomes matured. It is called as Follicle. If there is no pregnancy, then the yellow mark in the ovary vanishes within 10 days.
Functions of Estrogen:
It helps maturing of the ova
It forms the layer of blood in the Uterus.
When the ova matures, instruction comes from the pituitary gland to make Progesterone in ovary.
Function of Progesterone-
It keeps constant the uterus for embryo.
It thickens the blood layer in the uterus.
It butches the mouth of the uterus.
Symptoms of Ovulation periods.
The white discharge becomes pest.
Pain in breast, pain in wrist and pain in abdomen.
Increase in body temperature.
Skin becomes oily.
Excitement for having sexual intercourse.
To know the maturity of ova, examination of minerals is essential.
Objectives of this examination-
To know about our own body
Our body will be in our control.
To know the cause of infertility.
To know the date of menstruation.
To know the layer of estrogen and progesterone.
How do we examine the minerals?
The discharges from the vagina can be tested by two fingers.
While testing the following findings will come.
· The ways of vagina will remain empty.
· Coming watery discharges from vagina
· Coming curd like discharges
· Salvo and non breakable discharges.
The marks used by the test
At the time of the discharge of salvo and non breakable if one keeps sexual relationship, the fertile chance is sure. It will help one to become fertile by her own wish. All the participants were given a chart mentioning twelve months and told to mark it from tomorrow. As we know, today the use of any contraceptic and in some cases abortion develops numbers of problem in a woman’s body but this chart will help them to keep themselves aware about their fertilization period. The trainers distributed fertility chat among all the participants and advised to examine their own discharge and then to fill-up their chat every day properly to know about their body.
HOW DO WE KNOW THE SEX OF A CHILD?
In our society women are often considered as responsible for giving birth to a girl child. For that they suffer a lot in their day-to-day life. The trainer explained the trainees how do we know about the sex of a child, which is very much essential for all the participants. The chromosomes of the bodies determined the sex of the children. In a female body there are 23 pairs of XX Chromosome and in a male body there are 22 pairs of chromosome of XX and one pair of YY. In due process of sexual intercourse when the x chromosome of male mixes with the X of female, then with XX girl child is born. When the Y of male mixes with X of female then with XY, the boy child born.
Thus the trainer made it clear that only men are responsible for giving birth to a boy child not the women.
FOURTH DAY DATE- 23rd July 2006
AGENDA FOR DISCUSSION
Group 1 presented their bulletin in a very beautiful manner with a small story, a little song and a joke too.
Group-2 presented the highlights with confidence that included all the points covered in the previous day.
Group-3 had written a beautiful song, which ran like this-
The trainer asked about two questions:
PROBLEMS ARE
Cold, Fever, Anemia, Vomiting, Cough, Malnutrition, Dirty White Discharge, Irregularities in menstruation, Problems related to pregnancy, problems due to use of contraceptic, Malaria, Jaundice, Tuber Colossus, Breast Cancer, Infection in vagina, Sexually Transmitted Disease, Pyloric, Skin Disease, AIDS, Thyroid, Rheumatism etc.
WHERE THEY GO FOR TREATMENT
Treatment within the house, by the village Baida, Anganwadi, Sub-Centre and finally to the PHC.
The women at the village level are affected by various diseases due to different reasons.
Thus these are the causes that produce disease among the women in the rural areas. Sometimes they hesitate to go to the hospital thinking that their disease will ultimately be cured. But such negligence leads to further complications in their body. Afterwards they fail to get cured even after admission into a better hospital. Lastly they die. Then the trainer told, how these viruses are infiltrating our body. It is through our nose, feet, breathing, mouth, ears, sex organs and eyes, and also through the domestic animals. To avoid this, we have to be careful about five things, such as Food, Flies, Finger, Filth and Faecus.
FOOD PATTRENS-
The trainers taught the participants about the food patterns by a cloth chart.
Carbohydrate Food- Fruits, cheese, curd, milk, Vegetables,
For a normal body we need 2500 to 3000 k.g. of calories. But for a pregnant lady 3500 calories is needed.
How much food one needs-
Carbohydrate- 500 gms
Proteins- 50 gms
Minerals- 500 gms
What are the symptoms of the diseases?
· Weakness
· Shivering
· Loss of appetite
· Suffering from fever
· Vomiting
· Pain in the body
· Swelling of the body
· Loose motion
There are various problems related to different parts of our body.
· Respiratory System
· Digestive System
· Urinary Infection
· Infected disease in the sex organs.
Problems related to respiratory System-
Cold, cough,, pain in heart, asthma, T,B, bronchitis, tonsillitis, sinusitis, pneumonia, isanphulia.
PROBLEMS RELATED TO RESPIRATORY SYSTEM:-
CAUSE: - The trachea becomes compressed and creates problem in breathing. Sometime it also happens out of allergies, mental pressure & hereditary background.
General Treatment:-
Wearing warm clothes, oil massage and avoiding cold objects etc. The trainer also informed additionally about cough and told that it may continue for more than three weeks, and then may leads to serious diseases in future. She mentioned some of the diseases which are caused due to problems in the respiratory system.
|
Name of the disease |
Symptoms |
Cause |
Medicines |
|
Sinusitis |